The chief priests and the scribes were looking feverishly for a way to arrest Jesus, put him to trial and kill him with a minimum of possibility that this would provoke an uprising from the people. They found their way in the conning, covetous hypocrisy of Judas.
I. Unbridled affection and Deceptive betrayal.
A. The rightly informed affections of Mary.
- This meeting took place in the home of Simon the leper. Other guests from Bethany were there including Lazarus who had been raised from the dead and his sisters Mary and Martha. Martha was serving (John 12:1-3).
- Mary took a box of expensive perfumed ointment, worth a year’s wages for a day-worker, and anointed Jesus head and feet (Mark 14:3; John 12:3). She wiped his feet with her hair. Both the gift and the action were filled with an exuberant show of love and self-giving.
- This act of exorbitant and sacrificial affection immediately provoked scorn from those around and scolding from some. They acted as if this sow of the priceless worth of Jesus was wasted action and wasted ointment. If she were so willing to depart with it, the least she could have done was sell it for its value and then give the money to the poor. But merely to pour it out on Jesus !. . . of what use was that? It seems that Judas Iscariot was the leader of this scornful banter.
B. The disappointing covetousness of Judas. On cue and in character, Judas went to the chief priests to make a way for them to arrest Jesus in a clandestine manner. Of course, he was paid for this betrayal. Jesus had previously taught how much material interests affected the spiritual receptivity of people. One of the most obvious and destructive ways that original sin manifests itself is in covetousness (Mark 10:23-25; Romans 7:7, 8).
II. Shadow Gives way to Light (Verses 12-26)
A. The Passover is predictive of Jesus’ substitutionary death.
- The disciples prepared the Passover following Jesus’ instruction about how to find a room for the meal. The events followed just as Jesus said they would (12-16). Though there are some things in which Jesus did not take the prerogative of his own infinite knowledge of all things to speak, it is clear that nothing was hidden from his sight, but in his eternal perspective he knew all things for he had been present as the Son in the counsels of eternity.
- At the Passover Jesus revealed that one of them would betray him. Judas already had made his plans to do so. Again, Jesus knows all things and has decreed all things. He revealed it as one who dipped with him in the bowl. This was not a specific identification of Judas necessarily, for all were taking from the one bowl. It does indicate that this betrayal comes from one who is feigning intimate friendship and fellowship. They were eating from the same bowl. John records that Jesus did in particular give a piece of bread to Judas Iscariot (John 13:26-30), but apparently in the perplexity of the moment this did not register with the other disciples.
- Verse 21 indicates both elements of the constant biblical refrain of divine sovereignty and human responsibility. God’s decree integrates into all of its events the moral responsibility of all the human actors in the decreed drama of redemption. The Son of Man goes “Just as it is written of him,” in passages such as Isaiah 53, Zechariah 3:8, 9; 12:10; 13:7. But even though prophesied and thus certain, the one who does it is no less responsible for executing sinful, covetous, treacherous desires of his heart. None- existence would be better than the eternity of torment to which he will be assigned.
B. (Verses 22-26) The Lord’s Supper recalls its completeness and its abiding effects. That this was indeed an instituted ordinance of the New Testament church is seen from 1 Corinthians 11:23-26. Paul summarized the vital elements of the observance beginning with a report that this was divinely revealed to him (22a) and closing with an affirmation of its symbolism, its perpetuity, and its promise.
- Jesus moved quickly from the predictive element of the Passover into the memorial aspect of the Lord’s Supper. He acted as if his redemptive event was complete. He had been telling them of the certainty of his ill treatment, his crucifixion, and his resurrection. Now in symbol he points to his broken body and his shed blood
- As he had indicated that he came to give himself a ransom for many, now he says that his blood is shed for many. He calls it the blood of the covenant. Hebrews uses a similar phrase—the blood of the eternal covenant—to indicate that all the covenantal promises from Adam through David, and in the prophets were fulfilled in the shedding of Jesus blood. Paul told the Corinthians, “For the Son of God, Jesus Christ, who was preached among you by us . . . was not Yes and No, but in Him was yes. For all the promises of God in him are yes, and in him Amen, to the glory of God through us.” (2 Corinthians 1:19-21)
- (Verse 25) The next banquet event of Jesus with his disciples would be in the consummated kingdom of God. Again, this includes a prediction of his death, for on this earth he would drink of this fruit of the vine. It included a perfect confidence in the effectuality of his death, for only on that basis would there be this kingdom of redeemed subjects.
- The hymn probably was Psalm 118, the last Psalm of the Hallel sung intermittently throughout the Passover meal. The words of Psalm 116:1-4 must have been particularly poignant to Jesus in this time. Read Psalm 118 and note how prophetic it was of the next hours of Jesus’ suffering and its result.
III. Weakness more powerful than strength (27-40)
A. Jesus Predicted their Weakness
- Their falling away would be a fulfillment of Scripture. Again, based on Scripture, Jesus predicted their falling away from him when the powers of the world closed in on him. He based the prediction on Zechariah 13:7.
- Peter, as well as the others, denied that they would deny him. They all were saying the same thing about their confidence that they would not deny him, but Peter seemed peculiarly insistent on this. They all seemed to have overcome the moment of hesitation experienced when he predicted the betrayal by one of them (19).
- To Peter’s protest, Jesus issued a detailed description of the peculiar nature of his denial. Jesus told him that he would give three separate instances of denial before the final crowing of the cock. Even in the face of Jesus’ sobering prediction, Peter insisted that he would be willing to die before he denied Jesus. All of them did the same. How little do we see the weakness of our fallen souls. Surely, we need divine strength for doing the will of God.
B. The test of agonizing prayer
- Jesus went to Gethsemane and divided the disciples into two groups.
- Some place on the edge of the garden, Jesus asked his disciples, except the three, to sit while he went into the garden to pray. He indicated that he would return for them when finished praying. (32)
- He took with him Peter James and John. The weight of the coming events fell with power on his soul at this point and the text says he “began to be very distressed and troubled.” This was not unfounded anxiety or a mere phantom of worry. This came as a result of a true perception of the troubles that were now beginning to come on him. This distress was not only a mental response to a knowledge of future events, but even at that time the objective descent of divine wrath had started. He sensed that the Father to whom he prayed not only wouldset him forth as a propitiation, but in these moments the first dew drops of divine punishment were distilling upon his soul.
- He indicated the degree of internal distress even now descending from the throne of justice upon him by saying “My soul is deeply grieved to the point of death.” Death, the wages of sin, was seeping into the soul of Jesus. The curse made itself known to Jesus’ consciousness (Galatians 3: 13). We find that throughout this event, from this initial entry into the mysterious shadows of divine wrath and even in his words on the cross Jesus talks to the Father whose wrath he is bearing (“Father forgive them . . . My God My God why have you forsaken me; . . Into your hands I commit my Spirit.”
- Jesus prayed in light of the impending event recently symbolized in the institution of the Lord’s Supper.
- Leaving the immediate location of these three waiting disciples, Jesus addressed the Father with the deepest erm of endearment, “Abba! Father.” Abba is the easy pronunciation of a word of endearment that a child uttered when he saw his Father. Even with the wrath now dripping not his soul, awaiting the full torrent of the broken dam of divine wrath, Jesus had no doubts of the love that was essential to the very existence of the Trinity.
- “All things are possible for you.” Certainly, the request of Jesus was in the realm of natural possibility for the Father in and of himself. It was possible that he could will that there be no redemption. We do know, however, that it is impossible for God to lie or to deny himself (Titus 1:2; 2 Timothy 2:12). Natural possibilities are not always moral possibilities.
- Jesus, as a person who was about to suffer exquisitely in his humanity, asked for the cup (Note Mark 10:38) to pass from him. Purely from the standpoint of the cup of suffering itself, Jesus the Nazarene did not want it. There never had been and never again would be a sorrow like his sorrow. The wrath of God is the absolute antithesis to anything desirable for the human person.
- But, in light of the fulfillment of the covenant of redemption, a covenant in which the Son fittingly consented to follow the will of the Father even to the death of the cross (Philippians 2:8) Jesus obediently stated, “Yet not what I will (in my human nature dreading such a moment of utter misery and destruction), but what you will (as you faithfully move toward the consummation of the eternal covenant of redemption which finds it most essential moment of fulfillment in the very thing from which my human nature shrinks.)
- He returned to his inner circle and found them sleeping. He spoke to Peter in particular. “Peter, you have vowed to follow even to death, could you not even watch with me in prayer for one hour?” Having vowed to follow him to death, in their weakness they could not even stay awake with Jesus in this moment of the initial elevation of divine wrath into his pure consciousness, both physical and spiritual.
- Even after this first failure to watch, the same thing happened two more times. In spite of pledges we make in strong moments, and confidence that we express when we see things in the most rational light, we must ever acknowledge that the flesh is weak. Jesus told them to “Keep watching and praying that you may not come into temptation.” If Jesus the Son of God prayed in his moment of deepest distress, how much more should the disciples in that same moment have realized that they also stood in the need of supernatural strength. Jesus knew that all their resolution for good uttered in a time of light, would fail to materialize as the power of darkness descended (Luke 22:53).
